The Interaction of Communicative Competence Levels in Constructing the Historical Discourse of the Novel "Allameh" by Bensalem Himmich in Light of Lyle Bachman's Theory

Communicative competence is a central concept in language and communication studies, referring to individuals' ability to effectively use language to establish meaningful communication. According to the view of Lyle Bachman (1990), a prominent theorist in the field of discourse studies, communicative competence is divided into two fundamental components: linguistic knowledge and competence in establishing verbal communication. The novel "The Master Scholar" by Bensalem Himmich possesses communicative competences in its verbal structure, and Bachman's theory of communicative competences provides a suitable framework for measuring the speech context in this novel within the realm of literary criticism. The characters in the novel exhibit behaviors and dialogues influenced by social and political circumstances, and evaluating their performance based on their linguistic, discursive, and social standing is of paramount importance. This study aims to critique and analyze the speech context in the novel "The Master Scholar" by Bensalem Himmich using the descriptive-analytical method and relying on the American school of comparative literature, while applying the theory of communicative competences by Lyle F. Bachman. Among the most prominent results of this study is the existence of an inseparable, close relationship between communicative competences and Bachman's theory; the analysis of the novel reveals a complex discursive structure reflecting a close interaction between the levels of communicative competence in Bachman's framework, where grammatical competence emerges as an effective tool in shaping meaning and rhetorical impact, especially in the discourse of main characters like Abd al-Rahman ibn Khaldun.