The Outburst of Capitalism, Patriarchy, and Government in the Novel "Night Post" by Hoda Barakat According to Michel Foucault's Critical Discourse Analysis

Critical discourse analysis seeks to examine the dialectical relationship between language, society, and domination in social relations between people according to their ideology. Foucault is the most prominent theorist of critical discourse analysis who made a significant contribution to the invention of critical discourse analysis, which introduced the concept of domination. He believes that language and discourse are more than tools for expressing thoughts, they are tools for domination. Therefore, people, especially politicians, attempt to exercise power over others through language and discourse. Barakat's novel "Night Post" tells the story of homeless Lebanese immigrants as a result of the social and political conditions prevailing in Lebanon, and criticizes the oppression of governments, patriarchy, and capitalism. This article examines the ideology of the novel "The Night Post" with a descriptive-analytical method using Michel Foucault's critical discourse analysis to conclude that the blessings of his novel are filled with diverse styles appropriate to the speaker's ideology, namely revealing the displacement and exile of the Lebanese and the oppression of them by governments and women by men as a result of the rise of capitalism in order to eliminate the oppression of governments and patriarchy and the oppression of women, through the use of simile as the most obvious style of the novel and the style of proclamation and repetition to emphasize the pains, humiliations and common displacements of the Lebanese, in order to stir the hearts of Lebanese compatriots and invite them to unity, resistance and revolution against the tyranny of governments.