Linguistic analysis of the components of philosophical meta-anthropology in Al-Rasafi's famous poem (based on Max Scheler's phenomenological meta-anthropology theory)

Philosophical anthropology is a cognitive theory that aims at human knowledge based on general concepts and propositions. Although it goes beyond empirical facts due to its philosophical requirements, it also examines the real human condition, in which man is considered the subject of knowledge. According to Scheler, these aspects of human existence are revealed using the phenomenological method. Furthermore, within the study of human emotions and feelings in philosophical anthropology, the two distinct poles of love and hate are of great importance. These poles play a special role that goes beyond mere sensory functions. Therefore, these two main poles, which are central to Scheler's theory, are placed in the group of components of meta-anthropology or post-anthropology, from which important concepts emerge that have a clear impact on human behavior. As a poet, al-Rasafi criticizes the current state of his society and the disorders it suffers from, such as oppression, corruption, ignorance, illiteracy, and backwardness. He seeks to expand the philosophical components of meta-anthropology in his poetry. In fact, he aims to revive human rights and anthropology and also demands justice, equality, purity, science, and progress for his nation. By employing a descriptive-analytical approach and a linguistic analysis of the poet's philosophy of mind, based on Max Scheler's theory of meta-anthropology, this article demonstrates that al-Rasafi’s work is characterized by the hatred of authoritarian society and love for harmony and coherence. It also shows his hatred of ignorance, his interest in fighting illiteracy and promoting women's education, his hatred of poverty and scarcity, and his desire to improve the economic situation. Through these emotional poles, al-Rasafi seeks to achieve the highest human goals: the perfection and true happiness of man. It can also be said that these notions of philosophical humanism in his poetry have a clear effect on the understanding of his philosophical anthropology, which he utilizes and is greatly influenced by in his poetic utopia.