Speech Acts and their Communicative Functions in the Poetry of Walid Seif according to Searle's Pragmatic Theory

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
J. ghafeli 1
A. khezri 2
R. Balavi 3
M. J. Pour Abed 4
N. Zare 4
1 PhD Student in Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr - Iran
2 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr - Iran
3 Professor of Arabic Language and Literature at Persian Gulf University, Bushehr - Iran
4 Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Persian Gulf University, Bushehr- Iran
Abstract
Speech acts are considered as one of the most important foundations of pragmatic analysis by creating an impact on the recipient based on understanding the addressee’s intent, and benefiting the addressee is one of the important goals that cannot be neglected. The speaker chooses vocabulary and arranges it according to the intention he follows in speaking. Austin was able to lay down the main principles of the theory of speech acts, but the theory did not stop there. It expanded and became more mature with the second pioneer in the philosophy of ordinary language, namely the American philosopher John Searle. His tasks were to develop the theory by distinguishing within the sentence between what is related to the action included in the statement itself, which he calls the power included in the statement, and what is related to the content of the action, which he calls the name of propositional content. In this study, we will rely on Searle's opinions and search for the five speech acts affected by context and internal and external factors, used in poetry collections, A Vasham All khzrah, Ghasaed fi zaman Alfath, and Taghribat Bani Palestine by the poet Walid Saif. This study aims to search for speech acts and employ them in Walid Saif’s poetry based on the descriptive-analytical approach. The results indicate that the poet used verbal acts to express positive and negative emotions such as war, love, sadness, nostalgia, coercion, disappointment, waiting, and his hope for the future. Through these speech acts, which were mentioned directly and indirectly, we saw that the poet tends to use the five speech acts to stir feelings and excite the recipient to accomplish an action. The performance verb, both direct and indirect, was evident in poetic discourse, revealing its power within specific linguistic contexts that facilitated the realization of the poet’s verbal intentions and purposes through the words he chose to serve his poetic text.

Keywords

Subjects

القرآن الکریم
أوستین، جون لانکشو (2008م). نظریه أفعال الکلام العامه، کیف ننجز الأشیاء بالکلام، ترجمه: عبدالقادر قنیتی، ط2، المغرب: الدار البیضاء.
بوجادی، خلیفه (2012م). فی اللّسانیّات التّداولیّه مقاربه بین التّداولیه والشّعر دراسه تطبیقیّه. ط1. الجزائر: بیت الحکمه للنّشر والتّوزیع.
بلاوی، رسول (2021م).«تداولیّه الخطاب التواصلی فی قصائد المقاومه للشاعر سعید الصقلاوی، قصیده صرخه طفل أنموذجاً»، مجله آفاق الحضاره الإسلامیه، أکادیمیه العلوم الإنسانیه والدراسات الثقافیه، العدد2، صص 25-1.
بلانشیه، فیلیب (2007م). التداولیه من أوستین إلی غوفمان. ترجمه صابر الحبّاشه. ط1. سوریه: دار للنشر والتوزیع.
_______ (2012م). التداولیه من أوستین إلی غوفمان. تعریب: صابر حباشه، وعبدالرزاق الجمایعی. ط1. الأردن: عالم الکتب الحدیث.
دحمانی، عبدالرحمان (2014). «أفعال الکلام فی دیوان "لزوم ما لا یلزم" لأبی العلاء المعری- دراسه تداولیه». رساله الماجستیر. قسم اللغه والأدب العربی. جامعه محمد خیضر بسکره.
دایک، فان (2013م). النص والسیاق؛ استقصاء البحث فی الخطاب الدلالی والتداولی. ترجمه: عبدالقادر قنیتی. المغرب: الدار البیضاء.
رستم پور ملکی، رقیه؛ وآخرون (1399ش). «الأفعال الکلامیّه التوجیهیّه فی روایه رأیت رام الله لمرید البرغوثی: الاستراتیجیّه الاستفهامیّه أنموذجاً». مجله الأدب العربی. العدد 3، صص 95-118.
سیرل، جون (2006م). العقل و‌اللّغه و‌المجتمع. ترجمه سعید الغانمی. ط1، الجزائر: منشورات الاختلاف.
سیف، ولید (1969م). قصائد فی زمن الفتح. ط1. بیروت: دار الطلیعه للطباعه والنشر.
_______ (1971م). وشم علی ذراع خضره. ط1. بیروت: دار العوده.
_______ (1979م). تغریبه بنی فلسطین. ط1. بیروت: دار العوده.
صحراوی، مسعود (2008م). التداولیه عند العلماء العرب، دراسه تداولیه لظاهره الأفعال الکلامیه فی التراث اللسانی العربی. ط1. الجزائر: دار التنویر.
الطبطبائی، طالب، سید هاشم (1994م). نظریه الأفعال الکلامیه بین فلاسفه اللغه المعاصرین والبلاغیین العرب، مطبوعات جامعه الکویت.
طه، عبدالرحمن (1998م). اللسان والمیزان أو التکوثر العقلی. ط1. المغرب: المرکز الثقافی العربی. الدار البیضاء.
غریب قادر، فخریّه (2020م). «الأبعاد الدّلالیّه للخطاب الندائیّ فی سوره یوسف: دراسه فی ضوء نظریّه الأفعال الکلامیّه». مجلّه الآداب. العدد 135. صص 117-142.
قسمیوری، کریمه (2016م). «الأفعال الکلامیه غیر المباشره من خلال شعر الحکمه-دیوان زُهیر أبی سلمی أنموذجاً»، رساله الماجستیر، الجزائر: جامعه قاصدی مرباح ورقله، قسم اللغه والأدب العربی.
موشلار، جاک (2003م). التداولیه الیوم علم جدید فی التواصل. ترجمه: سیف الدّین دغفوس، ومحمد شیبانی. ط1. بیروت: المنظمه العربیه للترجمه.
مدور، محمد (2012م). «نظریه الأفعال الکلامیه بین التراث العربی والمناهج الحدیثه (دراسه تداولیه)»، مجله الواحات للبحوث والدراسات، العدد 16، المرکز الجامعی غردایه.
نحله، محمود، أحمد (2002م). آفاق جدیده فی البحث اللغوی المعاصر. مصر: دار المعرفه الجامعیه.
الهاشمی، السّید أحمد (2006م). جواهر البلاغه فی المعانی والبیان والبدیع. إشراف صدقی محمد جمیل. ط1. بیروت: دار الفکر للطّباعه والنّشر والتّوزیع.

References
-The Holy Quran
- Austin, J. L. (2008AD). The Theory of General Speech Acts, How We Accomplish Things with Speech, translated by: Abdelkader Qaniti, 2nd edition, Morocco: Casablanca ]in Arabic[
-Bojadi, Kh. (2012 AD). In pragmatic linguistics, an approach between pragmatics and poetry, an applied study. 1st edition. Algeria: House of Wisdom for publication and distribution ]in Arabic[
-Blanche, Ph. (2007 AD). Pragmatics from Austin to Goffman, translated by Saber Al-Habasha. 1st edition. Syria: Dar for Publishing and Distribution ]in Arabic[
-Blanche, Ph. (2012 AD). Pragmatics from Austin to Goffman. Arabization: Saber Habasha, and Abdel-Razzaq Al-Jamaie. 1st edition. Jordan: The World of Modern Books ]in Arabic[
-Balawi, R. (2021 AD). “The pragmatics of communicative discourse in the resistance poems of the poet Saeed Al-Saqlawi, the poem A Child’s Cry as an Example,” Horizons of Islamic Civilization Journal, Academy of Humanities and Cultural Studies, Issue 2, pp. 1-25 ]in Arabic[.
- Dahmani, A. (2014). “Speech Verbs in the Divan “Necessary What is Not Necessary” by Abi Alaa Al-Ma’arri - A Pragmatic Study”. Master’s Thesis. Department of Arabic Language and Literature, University of Muhammad Kheidar, Biskra ]in Arabic[
- Dyke, f. (2013 AD). text and context; Investigation of research in the semantic and pragmatic discourse, translated by: Abdelkader Kneiti, Morocco: Casablanca ]in Arabic[
- Rustam Pourmalki, R; and others. (1399 u). Directive Verbal Verbs in the Novel “I Saw Ramallah” by Murid Al-Barghouti: The Interrogative Strategy as a Model. Journal of Arabic Literature. Issue 3. pp 95-118 ]in Arabic[
-Searle, J. (2006 AD). Mind, language and society. translated by Saeed Al-Ghanmi. 1st edition. Algeria: Al-Ikhtif Publications ]in Arabic[
- Saif, W. (1979 AD). Westernization of the people of Palestine. 1st floor. Beirut: Dar Al-Awda ]in Arabic[
-Saif, W. (1969 AD). Poems in the time of conquest. 1st edition. Beirut: Dar Al-Tali'ah for printing and publishing ]in Arabic[
-Saif, W. (1971 AD). Greenery tattoo on arm. 1st floor, Beirut: Dar Al-Awda ]in Arabic[
- Sahrawi, M. (2008 AD). Pragmatics among Arab scholars, a pragmatic study of the phenomenon of verbal verbs in the Arab linguistic heritage. 1st edition. Algeria: Dar al-Tanweer ]in Arabic[
- Al-Tabtabaei, T. S. H. (1994 AD). The theory of speech acts between contemporary language philosophers and Arab rhetoricians. Kuwait University Press ]in Arabic[
- Taha, A. R. (1998 AD). Tongue and Balance or Mental Reproduction. 1st Edition. Morocco: Arab Cultural Center. Casablanca ]in Arabic[
- Ghareeb Qader, F. (2020). “Semantic Dimensions of Calling Discourse in Surat Yusuf: A Study in the Light of the Speech Acts Theory”. Journal of Arts. Issue 135. pp 117-142] in Arabic[
- Kasmayuri, K (2016). “Indirect Speech Acts through Wisdom Poetry - The Collection of Zuhair Abi Salma as an Example,” Master’s Thesis, Algeria: University of Kasdi-Merbah Ouargla, Department of Arabic Language and Literature ]in Arabic[
-Moschlar, J. (2003 AD). Pragmatics today is a new science in communication. translated by: Seif El-Din Daghfous, and Mohamed Sheibani. 1st edition. Beirut: The Arab Organization for Translation ]in Arabic[
-Medawar, M. (2012). “The theory of speech acts between the Arab heritage and modern curricula (a pragmatic study),” Al-Wahat Journal for Research and Studies, No. 16, Ghardaia University Center ]in Arabic[
-Nahla, M. A. (2002 AD). New Horizons in Contemporary Linguistic Research. Egypt: University Knowledge House ]in Arabic[
- Al-Hashemi.S. A. (2006 AD). Jawaher al-Balaghah fi al-Ma’ani, al-Bayan and al-Badi’. supervised by Sidqi Muhammad Jamil. 1st edition. Beirut: Dar al-Fikr for printing. publishing and distribution ]in Arabic[
The Journal of Research in Humanities
Volume 31, Issue 3
March 2025
Pages 85-114