Epiphany and its grades from the perspective of Sheikh Najmeddin Razi and Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi

Author
M. Momeni
University of Religions and Denominations
Abstract
Sheikh Najmeddin Razi and most of mystics in early times of Islam have described the concept of epiphany in the field of Islamic Mysticism.From the viewpoint of Sheikh Najmeddin Razi,epiphany is the beginning of the Creator and Nurturer's Beauty shining in the wayfarer's heart and it is achieved when the wayfarer's heart is pure from darkness and what is other than the Plane of Reality and turned into His mirror image.Mohyeddin Ibn Arabi,whit special attention to Sheikh Najmeddin's description and the grades which he has given about epiphany,almost narrates them completely in the book "Tohfat Olsafar Ela HazratOl Barrah".But description's defect in theoretical grades makes the founder of theoretical mysticism to create and offer new concept and more modern grades from epiphany in his the most comprehensive works on the books"fotouhat Makieh and Fosous Al Hikam" based on theoretical mysticism.The base of the Great Sheikh's statements about epiphany's concept is that Divine Epiphany cause to manifestation of Immutable Archetypes in knowledge,the being and its orders in out of it.Ebn Arabi based on this statement begins to express various Grades of Disclosure and offer specific principle for its concept in theoretical mysticism. The main issue in this essay is to clarify Sheikh Najmeddin Razi's viewpoint and following other mystics in early times of Islam about Visible Manifestation(epiphany's concept and its visionary aspect)and express its shortcoming in theoretical mysticism; besides is to clarify Ibn Arabi's viewpoint about Existential Manifestation (being aspect of epiphany)and express its grades in both category.

Keywords

Subjects

1.The Holy Quran.
2.Ibn ‘Arabī. M. (??). Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya. Vols. 1–4. Beirut: n.p.
3.Ibn ‘Arabī. M. (2006). Al-Futūḥāt al-Makkiyya. Translation: Mohammad Khajavi, Bab 68 and 89, second edition, Tehran: Molla Press.
4.Ibn ‘Arabī, M. (2000). Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. Suspension: Abul ala Afifi, Second Edition, Qom: Dar al-Zahra Publishing. 5.Ibn ‘Arabī. M. (1991). Toḥfat Al-safarah ela Hazrat Al-bararah. Translation: Qasim Ansari, Tehran: Islamic Thought and Culture Research Quarterly dependent culture, Issue 8, Spring.
6.Ibn Manzur, M. (1993). Lesan al-arab, third edition. Beirut: Dar al-sader.
7.Ansari, G. (2009). Foundations of Sufism and mysticism, seventh edition, Tehran: Tahoori.
8.Jafary, H. (2016). The Manifestation of the Truth [= Haq] in Hierarchical Degrees of Being in Mowlana's Views. Journal of Philosophical Investigation, No. 12. Tehran: Islamic Azad University, Science and Research, Winter and Spring.
9.Khwarizmi, T. (2007). Description of the Fuṣūṣ al-Ḥikam. Tehran: Molla.
10.Ansari, A. (1998). A Persian treatise, Introduction, correction and various catalogs: Mohammad Sarwar Molaei, Second Edition: Tehran, Toos Publications.
11.Al-Raghib al-Isfahani, H. (1991). Al-Mufradat fi Gharib al-Quran. research: Safwan Adnan Davoody, Beirut: Dar al-Shamiyah.
12.Rahimiān, S. (2009). Tajalli and its issues in Ibn ‘Arabi’s practical mysticism. Mysticism Studies, the research journal in mysticism studies, University of kashan, vol 9.
13.Al Sarraj, A. N. (2000). Al-Luma fi l-tasawwuf, Correction: Mustafa Al-Hindawi. Beirut: Dar al-kotob Al-Alamyeh. 14.Tabarsi, F. (1993). Majma al-bayān. Introduction: Mohammad Javad Balaghi, third edition, Tehran: Nasser Khosrow. 15.Majlisi, M. B. (??). Bihar ul Anwar, Tehran: Islamia.
16.Forouhar, N. (2005). Tajalli of Expression of opinion Ala al-Simnani. Journal of Culture, Number 55, Tehran: Institute for Humanities and Cultural Studies.
17.Faali, M. T. (2006). Religious experience and mystical revelation, second edition. Tehran: Islamic Thought and Culture Research.
18.Al-Qushayri, A. (??) latayef al-esharat. research: Ibrahim Bassiouni, Third Edition, Egypt: al-hey'a Al-mesryah Lel-kotob public. Downloaded from aijh.modares.ac.ir at 13:37 IRST on Saturday January 11th 2020
19.al-Qunawi, S. (2009). Translate of al-Fokook. edited and translated by: Mohammad Khajavi, third edition, Tehran: Molla.
20.Kashefi, M. H. (1977). Rashahate eyn Al-Hayat fi managhebe Mashayekhe Al-naqshbandyeh. introduction, correction, margins and suspension: Ali Asghar Moeinian, Tehran: Nouriyani.
21.al-Kalabadhi, A. (??). At-ta'arruf, Translator: dr. Mohammad Javad Shariat, Tehran: Asatir.
22.A team of researchers, (2009). Encyclopedia of Islamic mysticism, editors: Seyed Mahmoud Mousavi, the introduction of reforms: Seyyed Hossein Nasr, second edition, Tehran: Office of Research and publication of Suhrawardi.
23.Razi, N. (1933). Mirṣād al-ʻibād min al-mabdaʼ ilāʼl-maʻād. To attempt: Hossein Hosseini Nematollahi, Tehran: Majles.
24.Hujwiri, A. (1978). Kashf Al Mahjub. Correction: Zhukovsky, Tehran: Tahoori.
The Journal of Research in Humanities
Volume 23, Issue 2
January 2017
Pages 73-90