Soteria: A Critical Exploration into the Salvific Function of Religion with an Emphasis on the Christian Tradition

This research critically examines the redemptive function of religion and analyzes the concept of "Soteria" (salvation) with emphasis on the Christian tradition. The necessity of this research stems from a paradigmatic shift within contemporary liberation theology—from the traditional transcendental approach (emphasizing a personal and active God for liberation from existential constraints) toward an immanent approach (underscoring inherent human capacities for self-actualization within history). Employing a descriptive-analytical methodology with problem-oriented critical comparison, this study first elucidates the functional constructs of religion, then defines Soteria within Christianity as an interpersonal process between humanity and God.
The findings indicate that Soteria encompasses not only individual liberation from suffering and sin but also, through liberation theology, incorporates social dimensions of emancipation from oppression, manifesting in two forms: "liberation from limitations" and "attainment of existential perfection." Contrary to reductionist interpretations, this analysis emphasizes the necessity of a dialogical relationship with the transcendent for authentic salvation. By critiquing secular approaches to "self-grounded salvation," the study argues that genuine salvation is impossible without a dialogical relation to the "transcendent Other." The article concludes by proposing a synthetic model of "transcendental dialogue," wherein divine grace constitutes the condition for liberation, while faith and human action serve as its realization within history. Thus, by elucidating the multidimensional and transformative nature of religion's salvific function, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of developments in liberation theology in the contemporary world.