Applying Jakobson's Methodology in the Section of Nasib and Praise from Ahmad Shawqi's Poem 'Nahj al-Burda

The theory of communication by the Russian theorist Roman Jacobson is one of the most important theories proposed in linguistics. This theory deals with the communication of language in literary texts in its two forms, poetry and prose. This theory consists of six linguistic elements and functions .As for the elements, they are the sender, the addressee, the sender, the channel, the code, and the reference. Each of these elements has important functions known in this theory as expressive, intelligible, artistic (poetic), attentional, referential, and metalinguistic. This study aims, through the descriptive-analytical approach and based on Roman Jacobson’s methodology in linguistic communication, to address the functions of language in the poem (Nahj al-Burda) by the Egyptian poet Ahmed Shawqi. I concluded that the poet paid attention in his poem to the communicative value of chanting and the harmony between each element and its linguistic function. In the emotional function, the first-person pronoun is frequently used to show the poet’s feelings and thoughts and convey them through the message to the addressee. In the interpretive function, the pronouns of speech prevail. In the attentional function and through the use of interjectional sentences, the continuity of communication between the sender and the messengers was maintained. As for the artistic function, the poet paid attention to the creative aspect, as he used many graphic methods such as metaphor, simile, metonymy, repetition, metaphor, and antithesis in order to embroider the message.