الحیاه المدنیه وإعاده تعریف هویه المهاجرین:دراسه فی عملیهالاندماج الثقافی للمرأه الأفغانیه فی ألمانیا

نوع المستند : مقالات علمی پژوهشی

المؤلف
محقق پسادکتری و همکار پژوهشی پژوهشکده مطالعات فرهنگی و اجتماعی وزارت علوم، تحقیقات و فناوری.
المستخلص
لقد شهدت السنوات الاخیره تزایدا ملحوظا فی نسبه عدد المهاجرین إلی أوروبا من باقی القارّات الأخری، ویقع المهاجرون الأفغان فی الترتیب الثانی عالمیا بعد المهاجرین السوریین من حیث الکثره والعدد. ویخاطر المهاجرون الأفغان بأموالهم وأرواحهم فی سبیل تشکیل حیاه جدیده فی أوروبا. وتعتبر ألمانیا أکبر بلد أوروبی یستقطب المهاجرین حیث بلغت نسبه عدد المهاجرین فی عام 2015 أکثر من 1.1 ملیون مهاجر، کما تعرف مدینه هامبورغ الألمانیه باسم " کابول أوروبا" بسبب کثره المهاجرین الأفغان الذین استوطنوا هذه المدینه واستقروا فیها. إن الحیاه المدنیه فی أوروبا لاسیما الدول المتقدمه کألمانیا تختلف کل الاختلاف عما تعارف علیه المواطن الأفغانی فی مجتمعه التقلیدی. وبعد قضاء فتره أولیه فی المخیمات التی تشرف علیها الحکومه تدخل المرأه الافغانیه بشکل تدریجی إلی الحیاه المدنیه فی شکلها الجدید، وتترک هذه التحولات آثارا جمه علی کیان الأسره التقلیدیه الأفغانیه فی مساهماتها الاجتماعیه ورؤی أفراد هذه الأسر تجاه الحیاه والمجتمع. إن المرأه الأفغانیه المهاجره وبعد دخولها إلی عالم جدید تجد نفسها أمام لغه وثقافه ونظام مدنی جدید فی البلد الذی یستضیفها؛ ولذا فإنها تواجه أحاسیس ومشاعر نفسیه متناقضه کما تراودها الهواجس إزاء مکانتها الاجتماعیه فی الحیاه الجدیده. وهذه التحولات تؤدی إلی حدوث تغییر فی" تعریفالذات".إن هذه الدراسه هی دراسهکیفیه تعتمد المنهج الوصفی–الوثائقی،کما أنها دراسه میدانیه منخلا ل القیام بمقابلات مع51 مهاجره أفغانیه فی مدینتی بریمن وهامبورغ الألمانیتین. إن أمورا مثل السن(البیولوجیا والعمر أثناء الهجره) والنوعیه (الذکر أو الأنثی) تترک أثرا کبیرا علی المکانه الوظیفیه والدراسه ولغه المرأه المهاجره. نتائج الدراسه تؤکد أهمیه اللغه باعتبارها مفتاحا للدخول إلی الحیاه المدنیه وتأثیرها علی تشکیل هویه لأولئک المهمشین اجتماعیا. کما أن قوانین الحیاه المدنیه فی البلد المستضیف ترفع من المستوی العلمی للمرأه الأفغانیه وتنمّی قدراتها الذاتیه وبالتالی تنتهی إلی فاعلیه ونشاط المرأه المهاجره فی مختلف مجالات الحیاه.

الكلمات الرئيسية

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المجلد 24، العدد 2
ديسمبر 1439
الصفحة 121-140