Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 List List 29000 AR Journal Article https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_29000_8cc3d0d6ce79806cac8e6ac80e3b4cdb.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 The function of jurisprudence in normalizing the behavior of those responsible and its impact on promoting security The function of jurisprudence in normalizing the behavior of those responsible and its impact on promoting security 1 26 28994 AR Mohammad Javad Mohammadi Assistant Professor, Department of Iranian Studies, Faculty of World Studies, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran. Yasin Pourali Qarajah Ph.D. Graduate in Nahj al-Balaghah Studies, Dar al-Hadith University, and Researcher at the National Defense University, Tehran, Iran. Journal Article 2025 12 31 Islamic jurisprudence, as a normative science, in addition to explaining individual duties, plays an effective role in regulating the social behaviors of those who are obligated. One of the fundamental functions of jurisprudence is to normalize the behavior of those obligated by forging rulings, determining behavioral limits, and establishing patterns of joint action. This process removes behaviors from a state of dispersion and taste-based behavior and organizes them in the form of stable social norms. On the other hand, security, as a general and multidimensional concept, depends on the existence of order, stability, and predictability in the behavior of social actors. The present article, with an analytical-descriptive approach, first explains the mechanisms of jurisprudence in normalizing the behavior of those obligated, and then shows how this normalization helps to promote security in its absolute sense by reducing conflict, strengthening trust, and creating behavioral order. The results of the research indicate that jurisprudence can be considered as a normative system that, by regulating the behavior of those responsible, plays a fundamental role in ensuring and strengthening social security. Islamic jurisprudence, as a normative science, in addition to explaining individual duties, plays an effective role in regulating the social behaviors of those who are obligated. One of the fundamental functions of jurisprudence is to normalize the behavior of those obligated by forging rulings, determining behavioral limits, and establishing patterns of joint action. This process removes behaviors from a state of dispersion and taste-based behavior and organizes them in the form of stable social norms. On the other hand, security, as a general and multidimensional concept, depends on the existence of order, stability, and predictability in the behavior of social actors. The present article, with an analytical-descriptive approach, first explains the mechanisms of jurisprudence in normalizing the behavior of those obligated, and then shows how this normalization helps to promote security in its absolute sense by reducing conflict, strengthening trust, and creating behavioral order. The results of the research indicate that jurisprudence can be considered as a normative system that, by regulating the behavior of those responsible, plays a fundamental role in ensuring and strengthening social security. https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28994_01f3ae292bbeea9a6cbe6c6f6e812cde.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 الهیاکل البیروقراطیه فی دیوان البرید فی الحکومات الأمویه والعباسیه: دراسه أوجه التشابه بناءً علی نظریه ماکس ویبر الهیاکل البیروقراطیه فی دیوان البرید فی الحکومات الأمویه والعباسیه: دراسه أوجه التشابه بناءً علی نظریه ماکس ویبر 27 48 28995 AR Mohammad Hassanbeigi أستاذ مشارك، قسم التاريخ، جامعة أراك 0000-0001-7698-7524 Nasrin Gholami الماجستير في فرع التأريخ الإسلامي بجامعة أراك وأمين عام التعليم في أراك Journal Article 2025 05 08 الملخصیُعد دیوان البرید أحد المؤسسات الرئیسیه فی الحکومات الأمویه والعباسیه، حیث کان له دور حیوی فی الحفاظ علی الاستقرار السیاسی والأمن الداخلی والتواصل الإقلیمی. استناداً إلی نظریه البیروقراطیه لماکس ویبر، تتناول هذه الدراسه تحلیل هیکل ووظائف وتطورات هذه المؤسسه فی الفترتین التاریخیتین المذکورتین. وفقاً للنتائج، کان دیوان البرید - بخصائصه البیروقراطیه وفقاً لنموذج ویبر مثل التسلسل الهرمی الإداری، تقسیم المهام التخصصیه، التوظیف بناءً علی الجداره النسبیه، والعقلانیه فی نقل المعلومات - یُعد نموذجاً أولیاً للنظام الإداری ما قبل الحداثه. کان التسلسل الهرمی لهذه المؤسسه یشمل رئیس الدیوان (صاحب البرید)، السعاه، المراسلین (العیون) والمکلفین بفتح الرسائل، حیث کان لکل منهم مهام محدده فی مجالات البرید، التجسس، والمراقبه.علی الرغم من أن اختیار بعض مسؤولی البرید من عائلات معینه أو من المهنیین المدربین کان یبتعد قلیلاً عن فکره "الجداره المطلقه" لویبر، إلا أن الترکیز علی التدریب التخصصی والمتطلبات الأخلاقیه (مثل الصدق والولاء) یعکس السعی نحو إنشاء هیکل فعال. کما أن استخدام تقنیات الاتصال مثل البرید البری والبحری، الحمام الزاجل وأنظمه التشفیر کان یعکس العقلانیه الأداتیه فی تسریع وأمان نقل المعلومات. لم یقتصر دور هذه المؤسسه علی مراقبه العاملین وکبح التمردات، بل کان ضعف أو انقطاع الاتصالات فیها یُعد عاملاً مؤثراً فی سقوط الحکومات. الملخصیُعد دیوان البرید أحد المؤسسات الرئیسیه فی الحکومات الأمویه والعباسیه، حیث کان له دور حیوی فی الحفاظ علی الاستقرار السیاسی والأمن الداخلی والتواصل الإقلیمی. استناداً إلی نظریه البیروقراطیه لماکس ویبر، تتناول هذه الدراسه تحلیل هیکل ووظائف وتطورات هذه المؤسسه فی الفترتین التاریخیتین المذکورتین. وفقاً للنتائج، کان دیوان البرید - بخصائصه البیروقراطیه وفقاً لنموذج ویبر مثل التسلسل الهرمی الإداری، تقسیم المهام التخصصیه، التوظیف بناءً علی الجداره النسبیه، والعقلانیه فی نقل المعلومات - یُعد نموذجاً أولیاً للنظام الإداری ما قبل الحداثه. کان التسلسل الهرمی لهذه المؤسسه یشمل رئیس الدیوان (صاحب البرید)، السعاه، المراسلین (العیون) والمکلفین بفتح الرسائل، حیث کان لکل منهم مهام محدده فی مجالات البرید، التجسس، والمراقبه.علی الرغم من أن اختیار بعض مسؤولی البرید من عائلات معینه أو من المهنیین المدربین کان یبتعد قلیلاً عن فکره "الجداره المطلقه" لویبر، إلا أن الترکیز علی التدریب التخصصی والمتطلبات الأخلاقیه (مثل الصدق والولاء) یعکس السعی نحو إنشاء هیکل فعال. کما أن استخدام تقنیات الاتصال مثل البرید البری والبحری، الحمام الزاجل وأنظمه التشفیر کان یعکس العقلانیه الأداتیه فی تسریع وأمان نقل المعلومات. لم یقتصر دور هذه المؤسسه علی مراقبه العاملین وکبح التمردات، بل کان ضعف أو انقطاع الاتصالات فیها یُعد عاملاً مؤثراً فی سقوط الحکومات. https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28995_de5b9939cb64c828db4806df02b88cfb.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 The Efficiency of the New Rhetorical Vision in Analyzing the Itegration Between Islamic Civilization and Iranian Culture from the Perspective of Language and Poetry The Efficiency of the New Rhetorical Vision in Analyzing the Itegration Between Islamic Civilization and Iranian Culture from the Perspective of Language and Poetry 49 65 28996 AR Farshid Torkashvand Associate Professor of Arabic Language and Literature Department Imam Khomeini International University, Iran,Qazvin Journal Article 2025 04 11 یتØ‌لّی التعامل بین الحضاره الإسلامیه والثقافه الإیرانیه فی مØ‌الات مختلفه حیث یستوعب العلوم المتنوعه کالفلسفه والتاریخ والØ‌غرافیا والموسیقی والأدب والشعر. لکنّه یتّضح هذا التØ‌لّی فی مØ‌ال اللغه بشکل خاصّ ولطیف. هناک أشعار عربیه وفارسیه یتمتّع فیها تعامل العناصر الثقافیه العربیه الإسلامیه و الإیرانیه برؤیه إنسانیه عالمیه و نØ‌د المضامین المشترکه فی مØ‌ال التصوف والعرفان والنزعات الإنسانیه الشامله أیضا. هذا التعامل قد أدّی إلی تداخل متکامل فی مØ‌ال الشعر کأهمّ عنصر ثقافیّ بینهما وبإمکاننا ان نØ‌د التّماهی. التماهی ودراسته یحتاØ‌ إلی تنظیر خاصّ بحیث یرکّز علی معالØ‌ه المعنی فی الشعر. قصدنا من کتابه هذه الدراسه هو أن نبیّن ونشرح کیفیه التعامل بین الحضاره الإسلامیه والثقافه الإیرانیه من خلال موضوع المعنی فی الشعر القدیم وخاصه شعر الشعراء الذین یشتهرون بالمعنی والحکمه والعرفان فی الفتره العباسیه بالإستمداد من رؤیه البلاغه الØ‌دیده. إذن تتمیّز هذه الدراسه بمحورین رئیسین: الأول یتعلّق بمستوی التنظیر یعنی البلاغه الØ‌دیده ودورها والثانی یتعلّق بمستوی التطبیق و الإستمداد من البلاغه الØ‌دیده فی تحلیل المعنی فی الأشعار الحکمیه والعرفانیه لتحقیق الهدف الرئیس من الدراسه وما هو إلا الکشف عن دور اللغه و الشعر فی دراسه التعامل والتماهی بین الحضاره الإسلامیه و الثقافه الإیرانیه. نظراً إلی أهمیه إتّخاذ رؤیه البلاغه الØ‌دیده والتحلیل الذی یستفاد منها علی الأشعار، ستکون المنهØ‌یه تحلیلیه نقدیه. یتØ‌لّی التعامل بین الحضاره الإسلامیه والثقافه الإیرانیه فی مØ‌الات مختلفه حیث یستوعب العلوم المتنوعه کالفلسفه والتاریخ والØ‌غرافیا والموسیقی والأدب والشعر. لکنّه یتّضح هذا التØ‌لّی فی مØ‌ال اللغه بشکل خاصّ ولطیف. هناک أشعار عربیه وفارسیه یتمتّع فیها تعامل العناصر الثقافیه العربیه الإسلامیه و الإیرانیه برؤیه إنسانیه عالمیه و نØ‌د المضامین المشترکه فی مØ‌ال التصوف والعرفان والنزعات الإنسانیه الشامله أیضا. هذا التعامل قد أدّی إلی تداخل متکامل فی مØ‌ال الشعر کأهمّ عنصر ثقافیّ بینهما وبإمکاننا ان نØ‌د التّماهی. التماهی ودراسته یحتاØ‌ إلی تنظیر خاصّ بحیث یرکّز علی معالØ‌ه المعنی فی الشعر. قصدنا من کتابه هذه الدراسه هو أن نبیّن ونشرح کیفیه التعامل بین الحضاره الإسلامیه والثقافه الإیرانیه من خلال موضوع المعنی فی الشعر القدیم وخاصه شعر الشعراء الذین یشتهرون بالمعنی والحکمه والعرفان فی الفتره العباسیه بالإستمداد من رؤیه البلاغه الØ‌دیده. إذن تتمیّز هذه الدراسه بمحورین رئیسین: الأول یتعلّق بمستوی التنظیر یعنی البلاغه الØ‌دیده ودورها والثانی یتعلّق بمستوی التطبیق و الإستمداد من البلاغه الØ‌دیده فی تحلیل المعنی فی الأشعار الحکمیه والعرفانیه لتحقیق الهدف الرئیس من الدراسه وما هو إلا الکشف عن دور اللغه و الشعر فی دراسه التعامل والتماهی بین الحضاره الإسلامیه و الثقافه الإیرانیه. نظراً إلی أهمیه إتّخاذ رؤیه البلاغه الØ‌دیده والتحلیل الذی یستفاد منها علی الأشعار، ستکون المنهØ‌یه تحلیلیه نقدیه. https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28996_1b23472f67289de0c4b159c73c4ad194.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 Poetic performance levels in Farouk Shousha's poetic works Poetic performance levels in Farouk Shousha's poetic works 67 103 28997 AR Mahya Garshasby Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran. Iran Amir Farhangnia Shahid Beheshti University 0000-0003-4994-7724 Hojjat Rasouli Faculty of Literature and Humanities. Shahid Beheshti University. Tehran. Iran Journal Article 2025 09 28 The issue of heritage is a sensitive tendon at the level of the intellectual and aesthetic position of the writers of each generation; With its utmost importance as a source of social, psychological and literary values and a source of inspiration in poetry. The Arab heritage has filled a wide area of human history and enables the modern poet to find spacious distances and valuable materials that he can deal with and sings as categories carrying the memory of peoples and it is suitable for survival and circulation in the modern poetic context, but he was not satisfied with that and began to seek renewal in his language after realizing his necessity to update in the structure of the inner and external poem, Poets' concerns and contain their intellectual and cultural visions; In this way, formulating grammatical formulation, with the possibility of the emergence of an easy linguistic performance away from the metaphor and the complex images that require the recipient to stand for a long time. repetition, renewal, and proportion The use of ancient heritage symbols with meaningful and revived what has disappeared by raising this past historical atmosphere. With regard to the spoken speech, the poet dealt with him in the Egyptian dialect and in a simple, unforgivable language to transmit what he is in the chest from the love of the homeland and the importance of the unity of citizens and finally human love. The issue of heritage is a sensitive tendon at the level of the intellectual and aesthetic position of the writers of each generation; With its utmost importance as a source of social, psychological and literary values and a source of inspiration in poetry. The Arab heritage has filled a wide area of human history and enables the modern poet to find spacious distances and valuable materials that he can deal with and sings as categories carrying the memory of peoples and it is suitable for survival and circulation in the modern poetic context, but he was not satisfied with that and began to seek renewal in his language after realizing his necessity to update in the structure of the inner and external poem, Poets' concerns and contain their intellectual and cultural visions; In this way, formulating grammatical formulation, with the possibility of the emergence of an easy linguistic performance away from the metaphor and the complex images that require the recipient to stand for a long time. repetition, renewal, and proportion The use of ancient heritage symbols with meaningful and revived what has disappeared by raising this past historical atmosphere. With regard to the spoken speech, the poet dealt with him in the Egyptian dialect and in a simple, unforgivable language to transmit what he is in the chest from the love of the homeland and the importance of the unity of citizens and finally human love. https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28997_0173323af651e967d638c3048c21a6a3.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 The Study of Literal and Cultural Popularity of Mahmoud Darwish's works in Iran on Reception Theory The Study of Literal and Cultural Popularity of Mahmoud Darwish's works in Iran on Reception Theory 105 129 28998 AR Samira Heidarirad Yazd University Ali Bayanlou Yazd University Fatemeh Ghaderi Yazd University AliAsghar Ravanshad Yazd University Journal Article 2024 06 05 From the point of view of comparative literature, the category of literary acceptance is formed when the works of a writer go beyond the national and linguistic boundaries of the source culture and face the reception of the destination culture. In this case, the possibility of globalizing the literary work is provided. In the process of acceptance or literary acceptance, all translations of a work are examined at different stages. The present essay aims to analyze the acceptance of Mahmoud Darwish as a global poet through paratextual factors and also to the cultural influences and historicism effective in the process of this Iqbal among the culture of origin. and reach the destination. The results of the research show that the 1940s and 1950s is the beginning of the translation of Mahmoud Darwish's works in Iran, so that in the years leading to the Islamic Revolution, the number of translations increased due to the tendency of Iranians towards changing political conditions. the translation of Darvish's works began to decline. In the 1980s, due to the literary taste of Iranians, the translation reached a relative stability again, and poems by Mahmoud Darwish were translated, which unlike the previous decades, along with the protest literature, a romantic motif was formed. In the 1990s, Darvish's works were met with great favor by Iranians; As this decade is the golden era of translation of Darvish's works in Iran, and in recent years, the translation of works has maintained its upward trend. From the point of view of comparative literature, the category of literary acceptance is formed when the works of a writer go beyond the national and linguistic boundaries of the source culture and face the reception of the destination culture. In this case, the possibility of globalizing the literary work is provided. In the process of acceptance or literary acceptance, all translations of a work are examined at different stages. The present essay aims to analyze the acceptance of Mahmoud Darwish as a global poet through paratextual factors and also to the cultural influences and historicism effective in the process of this Iqbal among the culture of origin. and reach the destination. The results of the research show that the 1940s and 1950s is the beginning of the translation of Mahmoud Darwish's works in Iran, so that in the years leading to the Islamic Revolution, the number of translations increased due to the tendency of Iranians towards changing political conditions. the translation of Darvish's works began to decline. In the 1980s, due to the literary taste of Iranians, the translation reached a relative stability again, and poems by Mahmoud Darwish were translated, which unlike the previous decades, along with the protest literature, a romantic motif was formed. In the 1990s, Darvish's works were met with great favor by Iranians; As this decade is the golden era of translation of Darvish's works in Iran, and in recent years, the translation of works has maintained its upward trend. https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28998_a75a8ecb7cea780ca37daff6501c60a2.pdf

Tarbiat Modares University The Journal of Research in Humanities 2383-4269 33 1 2026 04 01 The effectiveness of personal intelligence in the four linguistic skills of the Arabic language The effectiveness of personal intelligence in the four linguistic skills of the Arabic language 131 159 28999 AR Maryam Mahmoud Ghaye Bolaghi Phd in Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Bahar Seddighi Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Hossein Nazeri Associate Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Ahmadreza Heidaryan Shahri Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Faculty of letters and Humanities, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran Journal Article 2025 06 04 Personal intelligence, or self-awareness, encompasses an individual's self-care, self-awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, motivations, goals, and actions. It is the way a person shapes and organizes their life, achieves effective self-realization, plans their personal affairs, manages their personal life, and discovers their own capabilities and limitations. This research aims to present educational activities based on personal intelligence, in light of Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, and to demonstrate how it can be used to develop the four language skills in Arabic language teaching. The importance and necessity of this research lie in its focus on modernizing Arabic language teaching and learning methods in light of this intelligence, making the educational journey more enjoyable for both students and teachers. It also demonstrates the necessity of updating existing educational resources for teaching this language and providing new resources for each new generation. This research employs a descriptive-analytical and applied methodology. The study concluded that utilizing personal intelligence contributes to enhancing linguistic self-awareness, developing self-monitoring of performance, and increasing intrinsic motivation in learners, which positively impacts their listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills. Personal intelligence, or self-awareness, encompasses an individual's self-care, self-awareness of their strengths and weaknesses, motivations, goals, and actions. It is the way a person shapes and organizes their life, achieves effective self-realization, plans their personal affairs, manages their personal life, and discovers their own capabilities and limitations. This research aims to present educational activities based on personal intelligence, in light of Howard Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences, and to demonstrate how it can be used to develop the four language skills in Arabic language teaching. The importance and necessity of this research lie in its focus on modernizing Arabic language teaching and learning methods in light of this intelligence, making the educational journey more enjoyable for both students and teachers. It also demonstrates the necessity of updating existing educational resources for teaching this language and providing new resources for each new generation. This research employs a descriptive-analytical and applied methodology. The study concluded that utilizing personal intelligence contributes to enhancing linguistic self-awareness, developing self-monitoring of performance, and increasing intrinsic motivation in learners, which positively impacts their listening, reading, speaking, and writing skills. https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28999_22c1acb3539e1aeba278f7885ddb8d35.pdf