Tarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001Designing Self-Learning Content for E-Learning Arabic Language for Health Tourism Using E-Learning ModulesDesigning Self-Learning Content for E-Learning Arabic Language for Health Tourism Using E-Learning Modules28013ARSeyed RezaMoudsviPhD candidate in Arabic Language and Literature, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.IsaMotagizadehProfessor of Arabic language and literature: Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.FaramarzMirzaeiProfessor of Arabic language and literature: Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.JavadHatamiProfessor of Educational Technology: Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran.Journal Article20240130E-learning modules can play a prominent role in the success and facilitation of the process of learning Arabic for health tourism purposes, because this type of learning Arabic usually falls outside the scope of university education, which leads to some problems such as high learning costs and the inability of all learners to attend in a specific place and time; self-learning in e-learning environments can break these restrictions and provide a solution to these problems. Although there has recently been increased interest in designing content for learning Arabic for non-native speakers online, building content for learning Arabic for the purpose of health tourism online has remained neglected. This is considered a problem, given that medical tourism has flourished significantly in recent decades, and Arabic language graduates can benefit from it as an available job opportunity. From this standpoint, the current study seeks to design e-modules for learning Arabic for medical tourism online on their own in light of the general model of instructional design (ADDIE), which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study adopted the survey approach and used two tools to collect the necessary data: interviews and questionnaires. The study sample in the analysis phase consisted of 5 specialists and 9 learners, and in the remaining four phases of the ADDIE model, 45 learners participated in an online course to learn Arabic for medical tourism in order to evaluate the designed content. The educational course was held on the website (morshedsyahi.com) developed by the researchers. The study concluded that the objectives formulated by the researchers were consistent with the learners’ desires, the designed units and lessons were consistent with the desired objectives, and each of the learning environment, educational strategy, evaluation methods, and contents helped learners achieve the desired objectives, and the criteria mentioned by the specialists were taken into account in designing the electronic educational modules.
E-learning modules can play a prominent role in the success and facilitation of the process of learning Arabic for health tourism purposes, because this type of learning Arabic usually falls outside the scope of university education, which leads to some problems such as high learning costs and the inability of all learners to attend in a specific place and time; self-learning in e-learning environments can break these restrictions and provide a solution to these problems. Although there has recently been increased interest in designing content for learning Arabic for non-native speakers online, building content for learning Arabic for the purpose of health tourism online has remained neglected. This is considered a problem, given that medical tourism has flourished significantly in recent decades, and Arabic language graduates can benefit from it as an available job opportunity. From this standpoint, the current study seeks to design e-modules for learning Arabic for medical tourism online on their own in light of the general model of instructional design (ADDIE), which consists of five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. This study adopted the survey approach and used two tools to collect the necessary data: interviews and questionnaires. The study sample in the analysis phase consisted of 5 specialists and 9 learners, and in the remaining four phases of the ADDIE model, 45 learners participated in an online course to learn Arabic for medical tourism in order to evaluate the designed content. The educational course was held on the website (morshedsyahi.com) developed by the researchers. The study concluded that the objectives formulated by the researchers were consistent with the learners’ desires, the designed units and lessons were consistent with the desired objectives, and each of the learning environment, educational strategy, evaluation methods, and contents helped learners achieve the desired objectives, and the criteria mentioned by the specialists were taken into account in designing the electronic educational modules.
https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28013_42b88c8b68686b308746c7b9667ecb2c.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001A Comparative Study of James Redfield's Mystical Approach in The Celestine Prophecy with Major Persian Mystical-Educational TextsA Comparative Study of James Redfield's Mystical Approach in The Celestine Prophecy with Major Persian Mystical-Educational Texts28014ARMoosaArabiAssociate Professor of the Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.Seyyed AliSerajAssociate Professor, Department of Persian Language and Literature, Neyshabor University, Neyshabor, Iran.0000-0001-5851-0933MehdiTorkashvandassistant professor in Arabic language and literatureJournal Article20240808Comparative literature provides a productive field for observing and understanding intercultural interactions and influences. Historical, cultural, and literary imperatives, along with the investigation and chronological mapping of such exchanges, position James Redfield's novel The Celestine Prophecy as a pertinent subject for critique and analysis from this perspective. The work advocates a form of contemporary spirituality and mysticism and has garnered widespread global reception, including in Iran, where readers often engage with it based primarily on its surface narrative. This study first analyzes the mystical and didactic dimensions of Redfield's novel and subsequently compares them with those found in seminal Persian mystical-educational literary works (by Hafez, Rumi, and Saadi). The findings reveal that the novel's mystical and instructional themes are structured around nine "insights," encompassing subjects such as self-knowledge, love as the core of creation, the consciousness of beings, love, purposiveness, and others. While the work's outward form is appealing and bears notable resemblance to Persian mystical and didactic literature, an analysis of the cultural, social, and political context of its production highlights its distinctiveness from the Persian tradition. The novel's genre aligns with New Age self-help, despite its resemblance to classical religious-mystical works. It promotes a popular spirituality focused on resolving personal dilemmas and self-empowerment. Furthermore, the author attempts to present a vision of a utopian future society to the reader.Comparative literature provides a productive field for observing and understanding intercultural interactions and influences. Historical, cultural, and literary imperatives, along with the investigation and chronological mapping of such exchanges, position James Redfield's novel The Celestine Prophecy as a pertinent subject for critique and analysis from this perspective. The work advocates a form of contemporary spirituality and mysticism and has garnered widespread global reception, including in Iran, where readers often engage with it based primarily on its surface narrative. This study first analyzes the mystical and didactic dimensions of Redfield's novel and subsequently compares them with those found in seminal Persian mystical-educational literary works (by Hafez, Rumi, and Saadi). The findings reveal that the novel's mystical and instructional themes are structured around nine "insights," encompassing subjects such as self-knowledge, love as the core of creation, the consciousness of beings, love, purposiveness, and others. While the work's outward form is appealing and bears notable resemblance to Persian mystical and didactic literature, an analysis of the cultural, social, and political context of its production highlights its distinctiveness from the Persian tradition. The novel's genre aligns with New Age self-help, despite its resemblance to classical religious-mystical works. It promotes a popular spirituality focused on resolving personal dilemmas and self-empowerment. Furthermore, the author attempts to present a vision of a utopian future society to the reader.https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28014_8936b2f3beb50769ab4801bd148ba0bd.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001Study of narrative speed and its mechanisms in the novel “Ghanimat” (in light of Jarrar Jenet’s theory)Study of narrative speed and its mechanisms in the novel “Ghanimat” (in light of Jarrar Jenet’s theory)28015ARMaryamRahmatiAssistant Professor, Department of Arabic Language and Literature, Razi UniversityJahangirAmiriproffessorJournal Article20240906The element of speed is one of the most important components of the narrative process, which occupies a large space within modern literary studies. The famous theorist Jarrar Genet has proposed valuable opinions regarding narrative pacing in the novel and the techniques that are used to speed up or slow down the pace of narration of events. From this standpoint, in this research paper, we studied the novel “Ghanimat” by the Iranian writer “Sadiq Karamyar,” which dealt with the facts of the Iraqi war imposed on Iran from the perspective of narrative speed, based on the descriptive and analytical approach and in light of Jarar Jenet’s theories. Through our tracking of the novel, we tried to study the narrative speed and the mechanisms of speeding up and slowing down the narration of events, which the writer employed according to the goals that serve the novel, the most important of which are: deletion, cancellation, temporal anticipation, condensation, tempo, and... such as the mechanisms of speeding up, description, and retrieval. Time, drawing character features, poetic rhythm, dialogue, etc. are the most important mechanisms of slowing down. One of the most prominent data achieved by this study is that the author of the novel “Ghanimat” succeeded in employing narrative speed in harmony with the goals he set for the novel. However, the mechanisms of speeding up in his novel outweigh the mechanisms of slowing down, because he condensed the events that occurred over a period of more than twenty years. Within a story that does not exceed 180 pages and does so without prejudicing the objectives of the story.
The element of speed is one of the most important components of the narrative process, which occupies a large space within modern literary studies. The famous theorist Jarrar Genet has proposed valuable opinions regarding narrative pacing in the novel and the techniques that are used to speed up or slow down the pace of narration of events. From this standpoint, in this research paper, we studied the novel “Ghanimat” by the Iranian writer “Sadiq Karamyar,” which dealt with the facts of the Iraqi war imposed on Iran from the perspective of narrative speed, based on the descriptive and analytical approach and in light of Jarar Jenet’s theories. Through our tracking of the novel, we tried to study the narrative speed and the mechanisms of speeding up and slowing down the narration of events, which the writer employed according to the goals that serve the novel, the most important of which are: deletion, cancellation, temporal anticipation, condensation, tempo, and... such as the mechanisms of speeding up, description, and retrieval. Time, drawing character features, poetic rhythm, dialogue, etc. are the most important mechanisms of slowing down. One of the most prominent data achieved by this study is that the author of the novel “Ghanimat” succeeded in employing narrative speed in harmony with the goals he set for the novel. However, the mechanisms of speeding up in his novel outweigh the mechanisms of slowing down, because he condensed the events that occurred over a period of more than twenty years. Within a story that does not exceed 180 pages and does so without prejudicing the objectives of the story.
https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28015_9ef76737dc71b2cf44533b32fb344419.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001Explanation of Saudi Arabia and China relations: alliance or strategic partnership?Explanation of Saudi Arabia and China relations: alliance or strategic partnership?28016ARMiladLotfiPhD candidate of Regional Studies at Allameh Tabataba'i UniversitySaeedShokoohiJournal Article20240314The relations between China and Saudi Arabia have expanded in various fields in recent years. Many have tried to explain the relations between these two states within the framework of alliance theories. Nevertheless, China is considered the most important rival of America in the international system, which wants to change the status quo in the international system. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia is considered as a power following the West and America. Therefore, the complexity in their relationship pattern cannot be explained by alliance theories. Therefore, the main question of the current research is, in what form can the expansion of relations between Saudi Arabia and China be explained? In the new era of international politics, many international relations researchers talk about the end of the era of "alliances" and use different conceptual and theoretical frameworks to explain the relations between countries. One of these alternative concepts is the concept of "strategic partnership". "Strategic Partnership" does not include the guarantees and political and security obstacles in "Strategic Alliance" which oversees the political alliance against rivals and threats. Based on this, the authors of this article have investigated the above issue by using the explanatory approach and by expanding the conceptual framework of "strategic partnership" in international relations. The findings of the research show that Saudi Arabia and China have passed the strategic alliance and settled for the development of "strategic partnership" among themselves, due to their inability to ignore the political, economic and commercial benefits resulting from the development and deepening of their cooperation, as well as their awareness of the political obstacles and costs involved in forming a "strategic alliance" with each other.The relations between China and Saudi Arabia have expanded in various fields in recent years. Many have tried to explain the relations between these two states within the framework of alliance theories. Nevertheless, China is considered the most important rival of America in the international system, which wants to change the status quo in the international system. On the other hand, Saudi Arabia is considered as a power following the West and America. Therefore, the complexity in their relationship pattern cannot be explained by alliance theories. Therefore, the main question of the current research is, in what form can the expansion of relations between Saudi Arabia and China be explained? In the new era of international politics, many international relations researchers talk about the end of the era of "alliances" and use different conceptual and theoretical frameworks to explain the relations between countries. One of these alternative concepts is the concept of "strategic partnership". "Strategic Partnership" does not include the guarantees and political and security obstacles in "Strategic Alliance" which oversees the political alliance against rivals and threats. Based on this, the authors of this article have investigated the above issue by using the explanatory approach and by expanding the conceptual framework of "strategic partnership" in international relations. The findings of the research show that Saudi Arabia and China have passed the strategic alliance and settled for the development of "strategic partnership" among themselves, due to their inability to ignore the political, economic and commercial benefits resulting from the development and deepening of their cooperation, as well as their awareness of the political obstacles and costs involved in forming a "strategic alliance" with each other.https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28016_a485f44b58ac44713d61366e5648f187.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001Monetary Policy, Oil Prices and the Nominal and Real Sectors of the Iraqi Economy: Patterns New Evidence from the TSVARMonetary Policy, Oil Prices and the Nominal and Real Sectors of the Iraqi Economy: Patterns New Evidence from the TSVAR28017ARSadiqAjelTarbiat Modares University - Faculty of Management and Economics - Department of EconomicsBahramSahabiTarbiat Modares University
Tehran-IranHassanHaidariTarbiat Modares University
Tehran-IranAbbasAsari AraniTarbiat Modares University
Tehran-IranJournal Article20230311Since Oil is a major source of energy, many sectors of the economy depend directly or indirectly on Oil. Therefore, oil price shocks have many important effects on the Iraqi economy The research aims to Study the impact of the positive and negative shocks of OPEC oil prices on the nominal sector (inflation) and the real sector (economic growth) of the Iraqi economy during the period 1972-2020 Using the descriptive analytical approach of the theoretical framework, and using the structural autoregressive (TSVAR) model et assess the response of economic growth and inflation to the different time scale of oil price shocks. Separating the negative and positive shocks to test the extent to which growth and inflation interact differently. The study concluded: There is a positive relationship between oil prices and economic growth in the short, medium and long term. As the positive shocks in oil prices lead to higher levels of economic growth, while the relationship between the oil price and inflation is an inverse relationship in the short term, before turning into a positive relationship in the medium and long term.Since Oil is a major source of energy, many sectors of the economy depend directly or indirectly on Oil. Therefore, oil price shocks have many important effects on the Iraqi economy The research aims to Study the impact of the positive and negative shocks of OPEC oil prices on the nominal sector (inflation) and the real sector (economic growth) of the Iraqi economy during the period 1972-2020 Using the descriptive analytical approach of the theoretical framework, and using the structural autoregressive (TSVAR) model et assess the response of economic growth and inflation to the different time scale of oil price shocks. Separating the negative and positive shocks to test the extent to which growth and inflation interact differently. The study concluded: There is a positive relationship between oil prices and economic growth in the short, medium and long term. As the positive shocks in oil prices lead to higher levels of economic growth, while the relationship between the oil price and inflation is an inverse relationship in the short term, before turning into a positive relationship in the medium and long term.https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28017_f1e9e809306242b3cf6803cec01d1771.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001Exploring the Lived Experiences of Gig Workers from the Perspective of Compensation: A Colaizzi Phenomenological ApproachExploring the Lived Experiences of Gig Workers from the Perspective of Compensation: A Colaizzi Phenomenological Approach28018ARAlirezaMoraditehran universityNaeimShokriTarbiat Modares universityJournal Article20230506Gig workers represent a segment of the workforce engaged in non-permanent employment, without fixed contracts, operating on a freelance, part-time, or flexible basis for one or multiple organizations and employers. Amid the growing reliance on such workers by employers, coupled with compensation structures that diverge from traditional regulations, significant challenges have emerged in payment systems and remuneration practices for human resource management—and, crucially, for gig workers themselves. This study aimed to gain a profound understanding of the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of gig workers' compensation. Employing a qualitative strategy grounded in descriptive phenomenology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 purposefully selected gig workers active in fields such as content creation, programming, user interface design, online sales, blogging, accounting, and digital marketing. The narrated data were organized, structured, and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological process. Findings were synthesized into four primary categories and 15 subcategories. The primary categories include: (1) absence of fringe benefits, encompassing four subcategories—lack of welfare facilities, absence of health insurance, lack of retirement benefits, and absence of holidays and leave; (2) lack of equity, with four subcategories—payments below market norms, absence of wage equity, wage theft, and feelings of deprivation; (3) identity formation, comprising three subcategories—building communication networks, presence of peripheral benefits, and the paradox of judgment; and (4) prioritization of relationships over formal rules and skills over credentials, including four subcategories—relationship-dependent wages, skill-oriented compensation, absence of defined work relations, and employer-centric pay structures.
Gig workers represent a segment of the workforce engaged in non-permanent employment, without fixed contracts, operating on a freelance, part-time, or flexible basis for one or multiple organizations and employers. Amid the growing reliance on such workers by employers, coupled with compensation structures that diverge from traditional regulations, significant challenges have emerged in payment systems and remuneration practices for human resource management—and, crucially, for gig workers themselves. This study aimed to gain a profound understanding of the quantitative and qualitative dimensions of gig workers' compensation. Employing a qualitative strategy grounded in descriptive phenomenology, data were collected through semi-structured interviews with 15 purposefully selected gig workers active in fields such as content creation, programming, user interface design, online sales, blogging, accounting, and digital marketing. The narrated data were organized, structured, and analyzed using Colaizzi's seven-step phenomenological process. Findings were synthesized into four primary categories and 15 subcategories. The primary categories include: (1) absence of fringe benefits, encompassing four subcategories—lack of welfare facilities, absence of health insurance, lack of retirement benefits, and absence of holidays and leave; (2) lack of equity, with four subcategories—payments below market norms, absence of wage equity, wage theft, and feelings of deprivation; (3) identity formation, comprising three subcategories—building communication networks, presence of peripheral benefits, and the paradox of judgment; and (4) prioritization of relationships over formal rules and skills over credentials, including four subcategories—relationship-dependent wages, skill-oriented compensation, absence of defined work relations, and employer-centric pay structures.
https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28018_3e159a2c6c50b5f1da0b308352b8c616.pdfTarbiat Modares UniversityThe Journal of Research in Humanities2383-426932320251001Revisiting Remarriage with a Focus on the Objectives of ShariaRevisiting Remarriage with a Focus on the Objectives of Sharia28019ARToubaShakeri GolpayeganiAssistant ProfessorMaryamJamali Nosh AbadiAssistant ProfessorNehlehGharavi NaeeniProfessorZeinabShabanistudentJournal Article20240409AbstractRemarriage, as one of the issues related to family law, has undergone multiple modifications and restrictions throughout its historical integration into Iran’s codified legal system. The rationale for these changes has been to align this institution with the tangible realities of family life, thereby strengthening its foundations. However, if legislation and revisions are not based on a holistic perspective that ensures conformity with the principles and objectives governing the family, they cannot produce a coherent and organized legal system in which its components are not contradictory. The present article aims to create conditions for progressive interactions within jurisprudential and legal institutions to adapt to temporal and spatial requirements, to adjust the law on remarriage, and to align its principles with contemporary necessities. Using an analytical-descriptive methodology and library research, the study revisits remarriage with a focus on the objectives of Sharia. The innovation of this article lies in its semantic analysis of principles, rules, and general objectives within family law, ultimately evaluating their alignment with the overarching goals of Sharia. The outcomes of this study include: the necessity of limiting remarriage to conditions that render it permissive and alleviate hardship; the provision of temporary marriage as an alternative to permanent marriage; distinguishing conditions that permit remarriage; replacing the requirement of proving justice with the obligation to commit to justice based on inferential evidence; allowing the conversion of a temporary marriage to a permanent one after five years; and others.AbstractRemarriage, as one of the issues related to family law, has undergone multiple modifications and restrictions throughout its historical integration into Iran’s codified legal system. The rationale for these changes has been to align this institution with the tangible realities of family life, thereby strengthening its foundations. However, if legislation and revisions are not based on a holistic perspective that ensures conformity with the principles and objectives governing the family, they cannot produce a coherent and organized legal system in which its components are not contradictory. The present article aims to create conditions for progressive interactions within jurisprudential and legal institutions to adapt to temporal and spatial requirements, to adjust the law on remarriage, and to align its principles with contemporary necessities. Using an analytical-descriptive methodology and library research, the study revisits remarriage with a focus on the objectives of Sharia. The innovation of this article lies in its semantic analysis of principles, rules, and general objectives within family law, ultimately evaluating their alignment with the overarching goals of Sharia. The outcomes of this study include: the necessity of limiting remarriage to conditions that render it permissive and alleviate hardship; the provision of temporary marriage as an alternative to permanent marriage; distinguishing conditions that permit remarriage; replacing the requirement of proving justice with the obligation to commit to justice based on inferential evidence; allowing the conversion of a temporary marriage to a permanent one after five years; and others.https://aijh.modares.ac.ir/article_28019_6594410b012771fd2187fa4b02bfbfe0.pdf